• ORGANIZATION
  • Designing team’s lack of incentives/penalties
  • Many previous input need to be aligned in schedule…but they also face capacity constraints (from basic engineering, to vendor commitment, and final client requirements…)
• TECHNOLOGY
  • Lack of use of knowledge management systems
  • Designs are not optimized because of limited focus on constructability
• PROCESS
  • Lack of standard designs for frequently used items
  • Poor value of engineering in overall execution
  • Change in customer inputs, scope and basic engineering
  • Internal quality systems…
  • Delay in receiving information plus wrong estimation of the workload, IDLING of resources…and later, CRASHING of resources
• PEOPLE
  • Lack of clarity, requirements from basic design
  • Limited ownership of design
  • Inadequate domain knowledge of design
  • In due moments, shortage of capacity